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Canadian Citizenship

Canadian citizenship is the final step for a permanent resident or a minor to fully integrate into Canadian society. Becoming a citizen gives you the right to vote, run for political office, and travel with a Canadian passport — one of the most powerful in the world.

Eligibility Requirements

To apply for Canadian citizenship, you must meet the following requirements:

• Be a permanent resident of Canada
• Have lived in Canada for at least 1,095 days in the last 5 years
• Have filed taxes for at least 3 years in the last 5 years (if required)
• Pass the citizenship test (if between ages 18–54)
• Prove language skills in English or French (CLB 4 or higher)
• Not be under a removal order or under investigation for serious crimes

Physical Presence Calculation

You must have been physically present in Canada for at least 1,095 days (3 years) out of the 5 years immediately before your application date. Days spent in Canada as a temporary resident or protected person before becoming a permanent resident can count at half credit (up to 365 days).

The Citizenship Test

Applicants between the ages of 18 and 54 must pass a citizenship test. The test covers your knowledge of Canada, including its history, values, institutions, and symbols. You are expected to study from the official "Discover Canada" guide.

• 20 questions, pass mark is 15/20
• Available online or in person at a local office
• May be followed by an interview with a citizenship officer

Citizenship for Minors

Children under 18 can apply for citizenship along with their parents or on their own if at least one parent is a Canadian citizen. Minors do not need to meet the physical presence or language requirements.

The Ceremony

Once your application is approved, you will be invited to a citizenship ceremony where you will take the Oath of Citizenship. This is the final step in becoming a Canadian citizen, and you will receive your Certificate of Citizenship at the ceremony.